Ukuhlasela kukaTrump i-H-1B: Kwabanethalente kwezobuchwepheshe base-Afrika, indlela eya eMelika iya ngokuya iba ncane

Ngesikhathi i-United States yelula imali yayo ye-H-1B engu-$100,000, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi izisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe ezinekhono zizomane zishintshele kuma-visa ahlukile njenge-O-1 noma ama-track abafundi. Iqiniso? Kwakungekho sixazululo—ukuvala nje okuhleliwe. Kulesi siqephu se-Digital Nomads, u-EMMANUEL NWOSU uhlaziya idatha yoMnyango Wezwe wase-US eveza ukuthi ukukhishwa kwama-visa angewona awokufika kwehle ngesigidi esisodwa ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuphela unyaka nonyaka, kanti ukungena kwe-H-1B kwehle ngo-52%. Kubantu base-Afrika abanethalente, umnyango uvaliwe kakhulu: ukungena kwama-visa ezwekazi kuncishiswe ngesigamu, kanti inani lama-visa ase-US anikezwe abantu baseNigeria lehle ngo-86.7%.

Kuhlelo lwethu lokugcina lwe-Digital Nomads , sihlole imali ephakanyisiwe yoMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya wase-US (DHS) engu- $103,265 H-1B nokuthi ingasho ukuthini esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe ezizama ukungena e-United States.

Sekuvele intuthuko ezimbili ezibalulekile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Okokuqala, iwindi lokuphawula komphakathi ngenqubomgomo ehlongozwayo ye-DHS lavalwa ngomhlaka-24 Septhemba. Okwesibili, uMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump welula imali engu-$100,000 H-1B ngonyaka olandelayo.

Yaqala ukwethulwa ngoSepthemba 2025 isikhathi sezinyanga eziyishumi nambili, imali eyengeziwe izohlala isebenza kuze kube uSepthemba 2027, naphezu kwezinselelo zenkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ezisalindile.

I-visa ye-H-1B ivumela abaqashi base-US ukuthi baxhase ochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe emisebenzini ekhethekile, ikakhulukazi kwezobuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, kanye nemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe ethuthukisiwe. 

Imali eyengeziwe engu-$100,000 ihlose ochwepheshe abanamakhono abafaka izicelo abavela kwamanye amazwe—indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yizakhamuzi zaseNdiya, eShayina naseNigeria, zonke ezibekwe phakathi kwamazwe ayishumi azuzayo kulolu hlelo kusukela okungenani ngo-2024. 

Uma kuphasiswa umthetho, isiphakamiso esibanzi se-DHS sizokwandisa imali kuzo zonke izicelo ze-H-1B ezingaphansi kwesihloko esiphezulu, okuhlanganisa nezisebenzi zasekhaya ezilungisa isimo sazo. Leli cebo elihambisana nezindlela ezimbili linikeza abaphathi izindlela ezihlukile zomthetho zokuvimbela ukungena uma kwenzeka isinyathelo esisodwa sinqatshwa enkantolo. 

Ukuze sihlole ukuthi lezi zinqubomgomo zishintshe kanjani ukugeleza kwamakhono emhlabeni jikelele, sihlaziye amasethi edatha okufuduka koMnyango Wezwe wase-US kusukela kuNyaka Wezimali (FY) 2023 kuya ku-FY2026. 

Ukukhishwa kwama-visa e-H-1B kwehle ngo-52% phakathi nezinyanga ezinhlanu zokuqala zonyaka ka-2026 (Okthoba 2025 kuya kuFebhuwari 2026, isikhathi sakamuva lapho idatha itholakala khona). Kuzo zonke izigaba zama-visa angewona awabokufika (i-NIV) , inani lokukhishwa lifinyelele kubantu abayisigidi ngonyaka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kuyo yonke i-Afrika, ukukhishwa kwehliswe ngesigamu, kuyilapho iNigeria—eyayiwumthombo omkhulu wama-visa ase-US ezwekazini—yehla ngo-86.7%.

Okulindelwe ekuqaleni kwasikisela ukuthi njengoba inkokhelo eyengeziwe ye-H-1B ivimbela ukuqashwa kwamanye amazwe, ithalente lakwamanye amazwe lizophendukela ekuhlukanisweni kwama-visa ahlukile. Esikhundleni salokho, idatha yonyaka wezimali wamanje yembula ukuncipha okuhlelekile - futhi emazweni amaningana, ukuwa ngokuphelele. 

Idwala le-H-1B

UTrump usayine lesi simemezelo , eyalela abaqashi base-US ukuthi bakhokhe u-$100,000 ukuze baxhase abasebenzi abanamakhono bakwamanye amazwe ku-visa ye-H-1B. Isizathu sokuphatha kwakuwukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-visa, ukuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zixhase abanamakhono bakwamanye amazwe abawadingayo ngempela, kanye nokukhulula imisebenzi yezakhamuzi zase-US.

Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezalandela lowo myalelo, i-visa yaba yindlela engajwayelekile yokufuduka kwabantu base-US.

Ukukhishwa kwe-H-1B kwehle kusuka ku-115,164 okuqoshwe ngo-Okthoba 2024 kuya kuFebhuwari 2025 (FY2025) kwaya ku-55,057 efasiteleni elifanayo lezinyanga ezinhlanu zonyaka we-FY2026, ukwehla okungu-52%.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo se-FY2023, sehle ngo-55%. I-visa eyakha isisekelo sobunjiniyela seSilicon Valley yayincishiswe ngesigamu esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka.

I-India, ebala iningi lezinkampani ezikhipha i-H-1B emhlabeni jikelele, ibone amanani ayo ehla esuka ku-79,395 ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala ze-FY2025 yaya ku-30,593 efasiteleni elifanayo le-FY2026, yehla ngo-61.5%. 

UJanuwari noFebhuwari, izinyanga zokuqala ezigcwele ngemuva kokuba imali iqalile ukusebenza, zibonisa ubukhulu boshintsho ngokusobala nakakhulu. Ukukhishwa kwe-H-1B eNdiya kwehle kusuka ku-31,135 kwaya ku-3,047 kulezo zinyanga ezimbili, ukuwa okungu-90%. IShayina yehle ngo-29% uma kuqhathaniswa okufanayo kwezinyanga ezimbili. Bonke abanye abathumeli abakhulu behle, kodwa akukho okufana neNdiya.

Leso sikhala sibonisa isakhiwo semakethe ye-H-1B. Ukubusa kwe-India kwakhelwe ngokwengxenye ekuqashweni okukhulu kwamanye amazwe yizinkampani zezinsizakalo ze-IT, eziletha abasebenzi abavela e-India e-US ukuze bathole imisebenzi namakhasimende aseMelika. Yileyo kanye imodeli imali kaTrump yokuthenga kwamanye amazwe engu-$100,000 eyenzelwe ukuyinciphisa. 

Lokhu kwakungeyona indaba yokushintshana

Ukuze sithole ukuthi ochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe babeshintshashintsha yini baye kwezinye izindlela, silandelele izigaba zama-visa angebona abokufika kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi, imfundo, ibhizinisi, ukuhamba, kanye nokufuduka kwemindeni. 

Ukuhlaziywa kuhlole ama-visa ezivakashi e-B-1/B-2; ama-visa abafundi be-F-1; ama-visa okushintshana nge-J-1; ama-visa okudluliselwa kwenkampani ngaphakathi kwe-L-1/L-2; ama-visa ekhono elingavamile le-O-1; ama-visa omthengisi wesivumelwano se-E-1/E-2 kanye nabatshalizimali; ama-visa abasebenzi besizini ye-H-2A kanye ne-H-2B; ama-visa abasebenzi benkolo be-R-1; ama-visa ethalente le-P-class (P-1 kuya ku-P-4) kubasubathi, abaculi, abaculi, kanye nabantu abathembele kubo; Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Mahhala SaseNyakatho Melika (i-NAFTA) kanye nama-visa e-United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) TN ochwepheshe abafanelekile baseCanada naseMexico abasebenza okwesikhashana e-US; kanye nama-visa e-H-4, F-2, kanye ne-J-2 kubashadikazi nezingane zabanye abanama-visa e-H, F, kanye ne-J.

Kuzo zonke izigaba eziqashwe ngokucophelela, iqembu elilodwa kuphela lama-visa eliqophe ukukhula: ama-visa abadayisi besivumelwano se-E-1/E-2 kanye nabatshalizimali akhuphuke ngo-406 (kusukela ku-22,225 kuya ku-22,631). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-H-1B kwehle ngo-60,107.

Uma izisebenzi ezinekhono bezigwema inkokhelo eyengeziwe ye-H-1B nge-visa yekhono elingavamile le-O-1, idatha ayisekeli lowo mbono; ukukhishwa kwe-O-1 kwehle ngo-10.5% (kusuka ku-8,911 kuya ku-7,971). Okwamanje, ama-visa abafundi be-F-1 ehle ngo-44.7% (kusuka ku-79,660 kuya ku-44,027), okwandisa ukuncipha kweminyaka eminingi ekuhlolweni kwezemfundo.

Ezinye izigaba zomsebenzi zilandele okulandelayo: ama-visa okushintshana nge-J-1 ehle ngo-10.8%, abantu abadluliselwe enkampanini i-L-1/L-2 behle ngo-14.6%, kanti ama-visa ancike ku-H-4 ehle ngo-54.8% kanye nabanikazi bawo abakhulu.

Sekukonke, ukukhishwa kwama-visa angewona awokufika kwehle kusuka ku-4.54 million kuya ku-3.50 million, okubonisa ukungena kwezomthetho okungaphansi kwesigidi ezinyangeni ezinhlanu. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, abasebenzi bezinkathi zonyaka bahluka kakhulu: ama-visa ezolimo e-H-2A angakamiswa akhuphuke ngo-9.4%, kanti ama-visa esizini angewona awokulima e-H-2B alinganiselwe ehle ngo-75.6%.

Idatha iqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe azizange zithuthele kwezinye izigaba zama-visa. Kunalokho, ukungena ngokusemthethweni kwavunyelwana kuwo wonke umuntu.

I-Afrika: izwekazi libhalwe phansi ngokuphelele

Nakuba amazwe ase-Afrika ayengakaze abe namandla amakhulu ekufudukeni kwaseMelika, ukuncipha kwakwenza kubonakale kubi kakhulu. I-India ne-China ndawonye babambe cishe u-82% wokuvunyelwa kwe-H-1B ngonyaka ka-2025. 

Kuzo zonke izigaba zama-visa esizilandelele, amazwe ase-Afrika athole ama-visa ase-US angu-168,078 kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2024 kuya kuFebhuwari 2025. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezifanayo zonyaka ka-2026, lelo nani lehle laya ku-84,485, ukwehla okungu-50%.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka wezimali ka-2023, ukukhishwa kwama-visa ase-Afrika kwehle ngo-58%.

INigeria ibe yimbangela yokuwa okukhulu kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2024 kuya kuFebhuwari 2025 (FY2025), abantu baseNigeria bathole ama-visa ase-US angu-34,643 kuzo zonke izigaba ezilandelwayo. Ngemva konyaka, inani lalingu-4,595, lehla ngo-86.7%.

Ukuwa kwagxila kuma-visa ebhizinisi kanye nezokuvakasha e-B1/B2, ehle kusuka ku-31,089 kuya ku-3,251, ukwehla ngo-90%.

INigeria ibilokhu ingumthombo omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika wokukhishwa kwama-visa ase-US ngonyaka ka-2023, ngonyaka ka-2024, nangonyaka ka-2025. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zonyaka ka-2026, yabekwa endaweni yesithupha, ngemuva kweMorocco, iNingizimu Afrika, iGibhithe, iGhana, neKenya.

Ukwehla akugcini nje eNigeria. Ukukhishwa kwe-Ethiopia kwehle ngo-72.6%, kanti okwaseGibhithe kwehle ngo-52.7%. Kuyo yonke i-Afrika, ama-visa abafundi be-F1 ehle ngo-62.5%, kusukela ku-8,294 kuya ku-3,110.

IMorocco ihambe ngenye indlela. Ukukhishwa kwayo kwe-B1/B2 kukhuphuke ngo-60%, kusuka ku-10,625 kuya ku-17,031. Alikho elinye izwe lase-Afrika eliqophe ukwanda okufanayo. Idatha yokukhishwa ayichazi ukuthi kungani, yize ukusulwa kokugcinwa kwemininingwane ehhovisi lenxusa laseCasablanca kungenye yezizathu ezingaba khona.

Izicelo ze-H-1B ngokomlando bezimelela ingxenye encane yabantu base-Afrika abafudukela e-US. INigeria, engumzuzi ohamba phambili we-H-1B ezwekazini, iqophe ukukhishwa okungu-497 ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala ze-FY2025, kwehlela ku-199 esikhathini esifanayo nge-FY2026. (Ngenkathi iNigeria iqophe ukwamukelwa kwezicelo ze-USCIS ezingu-2,423 ngo-FY2025, ukukhishwa kwe -consular kubonisa izitembu zepasipoti zabasebenzi abangena bevela kwamanye amazwe, ngokungafani nokulungiswa kwesimo sezwe).

Okubalulekile ukuthi isithiyo sokufuduka sidlulela ngale kwama-visa obuchwepheshe anekhono eliphezulu. Ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu kwenzeke kuma-visa ezivakashi kanye nawabafundi—izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhamba kwabantu base-Afrika.

Idatha ikhomba iqiniso elicacile: Izindlela zokufuduka zase-US zochwepheshe base-Afrika, abafundi, kanye nabahambi azizange zishintshele kwezinye iziteshi; ziye zancintisana cishe kuzo zonke izigaba ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nakuba amazinga okucubungula angase ashintshe ngaphambi kokuba kuphele i-FY2026 ngoSepthemba, isimo samanje sibonisa ukuthi izifunda ezinenani eliphansi lama-visa omlando zibamba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngokulingana njengoba izithiyo zesakhiwo zikhula.

Izimfuno zesilinganiso sangempela zidlulela ngale kokuhlanganiswa kwezinga eliphezulu ziye ekusebenzeni okuqinile. Sihlunge umsindo we-Moonshot 2026, senza ingqungquthela ibe ngcono kakhulu ukuze ixhumane kahle phakathi kwabasunguli bezinkampani ezintsha, abaqhubi bezimali bomhlaba wonke, abaholi bamabhizinisi kanye nabantu abaxhuma kabusha izinhlaka zobuchwepheshe zase-Afrika. Thola isaphulelo sika-20% kumathikithi e-Early Bird isikhathi esilinganiselwe.